Causes and Effects

Housing-
Because the urban population increased new types of housing were designed.  New york passed a law that set minimum standerds for plumbing and ventilation. garbage was picked up unfrequently so people sometimes dumped it into the air shafts.

Transportation-
transportation systems desinged to move large numbers of people along fixed routes, enabled workers to go to and from jobs more easily.

Water-
Large cities had grossly inadequate pipe water or none at all. Even in large cities like New York, homes seldom had indoor plumbing, and residents had to collect water in pails from faucets on the street and heat it for bathing. To make safer city water filtration and chlorination was introduced.

Saitation-
Horse manure piled up on the street, sewage flowed through open gutters, and factories spewed foul smoke into the air. Many cities had developed sewer lines and created sanitation department.

Crime-
as the population of cities increased, pickpockets and thieves flourished. New York city organized the first full-time, salaried police force.

Fire-
The limeted water supply in many cities contributed to the spred of fires. major fires occured in almost every large american city.

Settlement House Movement-
The settlement houses in community centors in slum neighborhoods to provide assistents to people in the area, especially immigrants. visiting nurses went into the homes of the sick to provide aid to all that needed it.